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Genealogical
resources at the State Central Archives in Prague
When we speak about researcher´s
work in the Czech archives, we cannot omit the entire range of archive resources
housed today at the State Central Archives in Prague. In this article I would
like to mention those files which are kept and housed in the so called First
department, located in the centre of Prague.
For a better perspective, we can devide archive files into several thematic
sections:
1) Financial administration and authorities:
- above all concerning income and expenses of state authorities
2) Judicial administration and authorities:
- registers of purchases, sales and property disputes of nobilities, kings
and queens
3) Jewish files
4) Church files
- registers and documents that formerly were maintained by authorities of
the Prague Archbishopric and monasteries
5) Maps, plans, photographs
6) Genealogical files
- notes of different researchers, focused mainly on the genealogy of nobility
who lived / settled in the Bohemian Kingdom (e.g. files of Wunschwitz, Vorisek,
Vasak etc.)
From the sections mentioned
above, public genealogical researchers are interested mainly in the following
files:
Financial administration and authorities:
- Berni rula; Tereziansky katastr; Josefsky katastr;
Robotni seznamy; Stabilni katastr
Jewish files:
- Jewish registers of births, marriages, deaths; lists of Jews; books of Jewish
familiants
Maps, plans, photographs:
- Indikacni skicy; Plany a nakresy budov a mist do r. 1850;
Sbirka map a planu 16.-20. stoleti
We could describe what
researchers can expect from those resources. The resources are important mainly
for the genealogists, who are not satisfied only with the information recorded
in vital registers, but they seek answers to a question, such as: " How
did my Czech ancestors live ? "
Brief description of selected
resources:
Tereziansky katastr
(The Land-Registry of The Empress Maria Theresia)
The land-registry was drawn up during the rule of the empress Maria Theresia
(the Queen of Bohemia in 1740-1780). Collecting the data for the registry
had started already in 1713 (during the rule of her father, Charles VI). In
all localities were conducted so called "fasse", meaning tax returns
(recorded on sheets of paper). The "fasse" that concerned
peasants and craftsmen was called "rustikalni fasse". A final
registry was completed in 1748 when it was agreed how to tax the yield of
serfs. Not only land property was registered, but town houses, crafts and
Jews as well. This version from 1748 was included with the revision in 1757.
The "rustikalni
fasse" from 1713 consists of an extract of first and last names of
the heads of households from 1654 and how many fields they cultivated
In the registry from 1748
were recorded:
a) first and last names of the heads of households
b) yield from fields, meadows, heathland, hay, aftermath, bushes
Josefsky katastr
(The Land-Registry of The Emperor Joseph II)
It is a list of land-property, in 1785 ordered by the Emperor Josef II for
tax purposes. The basic unit of tax was the so called "katastralni
obec" (= cadastral locality). Tax was to be levied by state clerks
(not by lord´s clerks as in the past).
Land-property was devided
according to a type of culture (field, meadow, grassland, vineyard, forest)
and yield. Every piece of land was registred under a topographical number,
with the name of occupant, location (nearby occupants), width, length and
surface of a site, yield, and contribution. In this land-registry houses were
already recorded with house-numbers.
Robotni seznamy
(Lists of manorial labour duties)
The necessity to adjust conditions of manorial serfs was discussed at the
imperial court already in 1771-1775. The serf-uprising in 1775 caused the
Charter of manorial labour to be issued on August 13, 1775. For genealogy
the most important are manorial labour duties which were mentioned in item
number 7 of the Charter. The maximum amount of manorial labour (both manual
and with aid of animals) was 3 days per week. The manorial labour was assessed
according to taxes from 1773. All serfs were devided into 11 classes (7 classes
performed manual manorial labour, 4 classes with the aid of animals).
Stabilni katastr
In 1806, the collection of records had begun on the new cadaster. By virtue
of the order, declared by the Emperor Frantisek II in 1817, all land property
had to be registered in the cadaster. For that purpose the following were
recorded:
a) geometric size with
a detailed description
b) the purpose of use
c) classification of cultivated fields (based on soil quality)
Maps were created for
all localities (using the trigonometrical method), providing detailed information
on real estate (see the "Indikacni skicy" below). For tax
purposes, final yields on land property were recorded. Information collected
on the cadaster was completed in 1843. The cadaster became valid in 1860.
Soupisy zidu (Lists
of Jews 1724-1811):
In the lists we can find information on names of fathers of Jewish families
who obtained permission for marriage (lists were kept for the years 1724,
1729, 1783, 1793, 1799, 1811). The list from 1724 was kept for the purpose
of reduction of all Jewish inhabitants in the monarchy, the others for better
rcording an outline of Jewish taxes. The information recorded included: year
of settlement, special permission for settlement, name of Jewish father and
his occupation, name of his wife and her place of origin, their children (with
information about their marital status).
Knihy zidovskych familiantu
(Books of Jewish familiants 1823):
By virtue of the decree from 1797 the number of Jew families was restricted
to 8 000 in the whole monarchy. Only the eldest sons (familiants) obtained
permission to marry, others had to wait until"a number" was released
for them. In 1799 and 1811 two censuses of Jewish inhabitants were conducted,
but they were inaccurate. Then, in 1823, the new lists (books) of Jewish familiants
were kept, containing information on: manor, number of family in the monarchy,
number of family in the list from 1725, name of previous familiant, parents
of current familiant, his wife, date and a number for the marriage permit,
birthdate, names of children, entries about an abolishion of the right for
familiant´s "number".
Indikacni skicy
The coloured maps became a part of "Stabilni katastr". The
goverment recorded details of all buildings and land property in a recorded
locality. Plots and house-numbers were marked by red or black numbers, sometimes
by a occupant´s name. Maps of localities were drawn on a scale of 1:2880.
Colour Coding Used:
red = stone and brick
houses
yellow = wooden houses
umbre (yellowish brown) = cultivated fields
dark green = gardens and meadows of good quality
light green = grasslands and barrens (unproductive land)
grey = forests
blue = ponds and watercourses
brown = roads
pink = railroad
Plany a nakresy budov
a mest do r. 1850 (Plans and drawings of buildings and towns up to 1850):
It is an extract from inventories, catalogues and lists of files kept by the
State Central Archives in Prague. Different plans can be found here, regarding
localities, towns, roads, streets, enclosures to land disputes, land-partitions,
buildings ground-plans.
Sbirka map a planu
16.-20. stoleti (Collection of maps and plans of the 16th-20th century):
Different maps of historical countries of the Bohemian Kingdom, districts,
cadastral localities, towns, dioceses, counties, castles, manors and their
parts, tourist maps. In addition, you can find here some plans of state buildings.
To work in the mentioned
files, the majority of foreign researchers will probably need the assistance
of a researcher, who is knowledgeable in the Czech genealogy and history,
and able to read in German, Czech and Latin. Nevertheless, thanks to articles
and studies of genealogical resources in the Czech Republic, combined with
copies of original documents, you can acquire knowledge useful in making a
decision on how to enrich your family history and what to expect from Czech
genealogy.
Address:
Statni ustredni archiv, I. oddeleni
Milady Horakove 133
160 00 Praha 6
Public hours:
Study room
Mon-Thu 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m., 1:00-6:00 p.m.
Fri 8:30 a.m.-2:00 p.m. (closed last Friday of each month)
Library
Mon-Wed 9:00-11:00 a.m., 1:30-3:00 p.m.
Thu-Fri 9:00-11:00 a.m.
Archives facilities
Mon-Thu 8:30-10:00 a.m., 1:30-3:00 p.m.
Fri 8:30-10:00 a.m.
Published in "Nase rodina", St. Paul, MN, Volume 14, Number
2, June 2002, Page 70-72
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